Choosing the Right Power Adapter for Surveillance Cameras

The choice of power supply for security cameras plays a critical role in ensuring the reliability of a video surveillance system. An inferior or mismatched power supply can lead to performance issues such as image distortion, flickering, or even hardware damage. This guide covers different power supply options, calculating power requirements, and essential factors for a stable setup.

Understanding power supply types

Security cameras generally use one of three main power supply options: plug-in (12V DC), battery power, or Power over Ethernet (PoE). Additionally, specific cameras, such as PTZ (pan-tilt-zoom) models, may require higher voltage, such as 24V AC.

Plug-in power supply (12V DC)

The 12V DC power supply is the most common option for both indoor and outdoor security cameras. It provides a stable and readily accessible power source through a standard wall adapter. However, to prevent issues like flickering or insufficient performance, it is essential to ensure that the power adapter’s amperage matches the camera’s requirements.

For instance, cameras with a current requirement of 1A should use an adapter that supplies at least 1A to function correctly. If an adapter provides insufficient current, the camera may fail to work or become damaged over time.

Installation distance and voltage drop: For cameras located far from the power source, voltage drop becomes critical. Over long distances, a 12V power supply may lose voltage, affecting camera performance. In such cases, using a thicker cable or opting for a higher voltage (24V AC) helps maintain a stable connection.

Power over Ethernet (PoE)

PoE offers the advantage of combining power and data in a single Ethernet cable, simplifying installation and minimizing the need for extra wiring. PoE is highly effective in setups where cameras are placed far from the power source. Ethernet cables can carry power over longer distances with less voltage drop compared to standard 12V DC power adapters.

PoE requires specialized equipment, such as a PoE switch or injector, to manage power distribution. This method is ideal for larger installations where streamlined wiring is essential.

Battery and solar-powered cameras

Battery-powered cameras offer flexibility for installations where running wires is impractical, especially in remote locations. These cameras typically use rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, which may need to be replaced or recharged periodically.

Solar-powered systems can continuously recharge batteries using solar energy, reducing the need for manual intervention. These cameras are highly efficient in sunny outdoor environments, making them a low-maintenance, eco-friendly option.

AC power supplies (24V AC)

Certain cameras, especially PTZ models or larger commercial setups, require a 24V AC power supply. The key benefit of AC power is its ability to travel longer distances with less voltage drop, making it suitable for large-scale or complex installations.

Additionally, 24V AC systems can accommodate high-power-demand cameras, such as those with PTZ functionality, which require more electricity to operate smoothly.

Voltage and current requirements

Choosing the correct voltage and current is critical for ensuring that the camera operates correctly:

• Voltage: always match the camera’s required voltage to the power supply (e.g., 12V DC or 24V AC). Using the wrong voltage can damage the camera.
• Current: ensure the power supply provides enough current (measured in amperes). For example, if a camera requires 0.5A, the power adapter should provide at least 0.5A. Exceeding the required current is fine, but falling short may prevent the camera from functioning.

Power supply calculation and capacity planning

For systems with multiple cameras, calculating the required power supply involves more than just adding up each camera’s power rating. A good rule of thumb is to multiply the required power by 1.3 to account for peak power usage during events such as startup or transmission.

For example:

If each camera consumes 0.35A, and you have 16 cameras, the total power consumption would be:

16 × 0.35 = 5.6A.

Considering a maximum capacity of 80%:

5.6A ÷ 0.8 = 7A.

In this case, you would need a power supply capable of delivering 7A.

A centralized power distribution box may be preferable when designing a system, especially one with multiple cameras. This setup simplifies cable management and evenly distributes the power supply among all cameras.

Environmental considerations

When choosing a power supply, consider where the cameras will be installed:

• Outdoor cameras often require a weatherproof power supply that can withstand exposure to the elements. Temperature extremes, such as harsh heat or cold, can also affect power supply performance.
• Indoor cameras: while indoor installations are generally less demanding, factors like dust, humidity, or proximity to other electronic devices can still influence power supply performance.

Power supply management and best practices

1. Separate power supplies for long and short distances: avoid using the same power supply for both long- and short-distance cameras when installing cameras at different distances. A single high-voltage power supply can overload nearby cameras while failing to deliver adequate voltage to distant cameras. It is best to use separate power supplies to ensure each camera receives the correct voltage.
2. Centralized power management: a centralized power distribution box simplifies maintenance and keeps the wiring organized for installations with numerous cameras. It can also prevent a single power supply from overloading when the system is scaled up.
3. Expansion plan: if you anticipate adding more cameras, ensure your power supply system can accommodate additional devices. Over-planning your power supply capacity can save time and costs when expanding the system.

Conclusion

An appropriate power supply is essential for a stable and reliable security camera system. Consider the voltage, current, distance, and environmental factors when choosing between 12V DC, 24V AC, or PoE systems. For larger setups, using a power distribution box or carefully calculating the total power consumption is crucial for preventing performance issues. By planning and understanding the technical requirements, you can ensure your security system runs smoothly and efficiently for years to come.

Plugging-in Power Supply

Plugging-in means that your CCTV cameras receive power supply from sockets through power adapters. First let’s begin to know more about 12V DC power supply for security cameras.

12V DC: The Most Common CCTV Camera Power Supply Voltage

Most common security cameras function under 12 voltages. In other words, an adapter with 12V is readily accessible to meet the needs of power supply for security cameras.

Some specific 12V DC security cameras require accurate AMP s such as 1 AMP, 2AMP, 5AMP or others. Before buying or installing security cameras, you can have a look at the specification and confirm the requirement of your CCTV cameras.

Suitable Power Adapter for Your Security Camera

Supposed that you have purchased a WiFi security camera from a reliable vendor, you will receive a box with one camera, one security camera power adapter and a cable. For example, Reolink RLC-811WA is a network-cable-free security camera but it requires a power adapter and cable to function.

Then you can apply those adapters to offer power supply for security cameras. Most power adapters from reliable sources last five or more years under normal operation.

If your original adapters go wrong and you are looking for a replacement, we advise you to find options from credible security camera suppliers or collective consumer website like Amazon.

You have to care not only about the price of CCTV camera power supply, mostly affordable, but also reviews of those high-ranking power adapters given by previous buyers.

If you have bought poor quality 12V security camera power adapters, you may feel disappointed for potential dangers of fire hazard, melting and damaging the video image.

Other Issues You Need to Know

If you are planning to purchase or install NVRs, please confirm your CCTV camera power supply specifications. NVRs or systems require a higher voltage to run and operate.

Another thing we need to keep in mind is that different countries and regions run different standards of electricity current. If your original 12V or higher voltage adapters don’t work, you can select alternative CCTV camera power adapters according to standards in your living countries and regions.

Battery & Solar Energy for Security Camera Power Supply

Other types of power supply for CCTV cameras can be a non-chargeable battery, rechargeable battery and solar energy. CCTV cameras under this category feature in wireless. They are networked on WiFi or cellular. As a result, they are more flexible than wired cameras using power adapters.

Security cameras with battery and solar panels help you avoid breaking wall to install a socket and messy cable. Meanwhile, you need not worry about security cameras without power supply.

These cameras are powered by rechargeable batteries, which can be lithium-ion or similar high-capacity batteries. The batteries are designed to be rechargeable by power adapter or solar panels, allowing for extended use without the need for frequent replacements.

Large-capacity batteries are now being integrated into security cameras. For instance, the new Reolink Altas PT Ultra features a 20,000 mAh battery, supporting 12 hours of continuous recording per day for up to 8+ days.

Because they are not dependent on a constant power source, these cameras can be installed in various locations, including areas without electrical outlets. This makes them suitable for both indoor and outdoor use.

By employing solar energy as the power supply of security camera, we help protect our property as well as our planet.

Argus PT Ultra is a battery powered security camera with 4K resolution. What sets the Argus PT Ultra apart is its versatile power options—it can be powered by batteries for convenience or harness solar energy for sustainable operation, offering flexibility in installation. Boasting dual-band WiFi support at 5/2.4GHz frequencies, it ensures seamless and reliable connectivity.

PoE Power Supply for Security Camera

PoE is a technology that allows both data and electrical power to be transmitted over a single Ethernet cable to devices like security cameras. A PoE power supply for security cameras refers to the method of providing power to these cameras using PoE technology. This eliminates the need for separate power cables and simplifies the installation process.

RLC-811A is a high-performance 4K Smart PoE Camera designed for robust security surveillance. Packed with advanced features, it includes a built-in spotlight and Color Night Vision for enhanced nighttime visibility. The camera offers intelligent Person/Vehicle Alerts, reducing false alarms, and features a powerful 5X Optical Zoom for detailed monitoring.

Note: Not all devices are PoE-enabled, and You'll need a PoE switch or a PoE injector to supply both power and data to the security cameras over a single Ethernet cable.

Install and Connect Plug-in Power Supply for Security Cameras

Let’s learn how to connect and install security cameras power supply with following detailed diagrams and guides.

Less Than Four Security Cameras Power Supply - Using 12V Power Adapter

Before choosing security camera power supply, you need to consider the amount of security cameras you have.

Say that you own less than four cameras in hand, you can choose 12V or 24V power adapters to offer power supply for CCTV cameras according to your actual need. The installing process is quite easy and everyone is able to connect their security cameras on their own!

1. Consider in advance about places where you are preparing to install cameras.

2. Install sockets on the wall or any other platform.

3. Plug-in power adapters to sockets and your CCTV cameras are ready to use!

A power adapter is one of the easiest methods of security cameras power supply when they are in a small amount.

If you are planning to install power adapters in an outdoor environment, you can have a look at this YouTuber and learn how to equip your outdoor power adapters with junction boxes.

Four or More Security Cameras Power Supply - Using Distribution Box

If you need more cameras or 8 or 16 channel CCTV camera systems, you can think of using a distribution box for better results.

A security camera power supply distribution box supports you to neatly route power cables and easily connect and manage the power cable of each CCTV camera without applying different power adapters.

Thus, it would be a better choice to organize your cameras with power supply distribution boxes or splitters.

A Youtuber share his ideas on how to install a CCTV camera power supply distribution box.

Install and Connect Battery Powered Supply for Security Cameras

Now let’s move to the world of wireless security camera power supply.

Wireless Security Camera Power Supply - Using Battery and Solar Energy

Normally wireless security cameras come with batteries that fit their power supply requirement. After installing batteries as follow, your security cameras with power supply are ready to work!

1. Unbox and pick up the camera and batteries.

2. Insert all batteries into a battery slot.

That’s all you need to do and just enjoy the camera!

Taking Reolink’s battery-powered security cameras as examples, batteries usually last for 4 to 6 months per charge under normal operation.

Also, pay attention to the low-battery notifications pushed to your , apps or PC end so as to change and charge batteries in time.

You may worry about neglecting notifications or forgetting to change or recharge your battery. Then solar-powered security camera like Reolink Argus 3 Pro is absolutely your choice!

Current solar-powered security cameras apply the external solar panel to transform solar energy to power supply. Supposed that you already own security cameras supporting solar energy charging, you can select solar panels from reliable vendors and learn how to connect them with the following guide.

1. Select a position with the most sunlight throughout the year for your solar panel.

2. Install solar panel on that position and adjust the angle to receive direct sunlight.

3. Connect the solar panel to your camera with a micro USB cable.

Then you have your security cameras non-stop solar power supply!

One Reolink user shares his re-creation of an outdoor WiFi camera into an outdoor solar-powered WiFi security camera on YouTube.

Of course, we only recommend those who have better understandings and skills on security cameras to convert their devices to a solar-powered one. If you are still green in this field, look for cameras that support solar energy charging.

Both battery and solar energy are flexible choices of security camera power supply and you can have a try!

Install and Connect PoE Power Supply for Security Cameras

Installing and connecting the POE camera is easy. Let's see how to do this.

1. Determine the optimal locations for your security cameras.
2. Connect the camera to a PoE switch via an ethernet cable, connect the PoE switch to your router, and power on the PoE switch
3. Open the official app of the security camera brand and follow in app instructions to finish the initial setup. Then you'll see the live videos on your screen.

FAQs about Security Camera Power Supply Issues

Concerning about distance and cabling issues while preparing CCTV cameras power supply? Don’t be worried and here are Q&A sessions to help you!

1. What shall we care about routing cable and power consumption?

This depends on the number of security cameras you own and also the monitoring area that you want to cover. You should plan in advance the position you want to set up security cameras and be clear about how your indoor and outdoor wires are routed before installing.

In terms of power consumption, it depends on the numbers of security cameras and also other devices you run. Generally speaking, 12V security cameras need only very little electricity to work while NVRs and security camera systems may cost more electricity.

2. How to run cables both indoor & outdoor?

This is a relatively big issue to handle especially under this column. Actually, we have written a post on how to run security cables indoor and outdoor which may help solve your problems and concerns better.

Conclusion

Choosing the right power supply for your security cameras is essential for maintaining a reliable and effective surveillance system. Whether you opt for plug-in cameras, battery-powered cameras, or advanced PoE setups, understanding your specific needs and the features of each power supply option is crucial.

If you like this article and find it helpful, share it with your friends. Do you have something to say about security camera power supply? Make sure you leave a comment below!